2008 - 2009 Texas Influenza Surveillance Information
Influenza Surveillance Report for MMWR Week 25
The influenza (flu) activity level for Texas for the week ending June 27, 2009 was “local.” During week 25, 9 (4.5%) specimens tested by NREVSS laboratories in Texas were positive for influenza. The percentage of visits for influenza-like illness as reported by ILINet providers in Texas was below the regional baseline.
Reports from Health Service RegionsReports were received from all Health Service Regions (HSRs) for week 25. HSR 2/3 reported an increased level of flu activity compared to week 24. HSRs 4/5N, 6/5S, 8, and 11 reported the same level of flu activity compared to week 24. HSRs 1, 7, and 9/10 reported a decreased level of flu activity compared to week 24. For a map of Health Service Regions, please visit the following website:
www.dshs.state.tx.us/regions/state.shtm
Laboratory ResultsDuring week 25, five hospital laboratories and public health agencies across Texas reported conducting a total of 201 influenza tests (antigen, culture, and PCR) to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (
NREVSS
) sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Of the 160 antigen detection tests that were performed, 8 were positive for influenza A/not subtyped. The positive results were reported from Bexar and Collin counties.
A total of 24 reports of PCR- or culture-confirmed seasonal or unsubtyped influenza were received from public health laboratories, Scott & White Memorial Hospital in Temple, Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM), and NREVSS for the following counties during week 25 (June 21-June 27):
Influenza A/H1 (seasonal)
|
Influenza A/H3
|
Influenza A/not subtyped
|
Influenza B
|
McLennan County |
Bexar County |
Dallas County |
(none) |
|
Comal County |
Harris County (16) |
|
|
|
Maverick County (2) |
|
|
|
Morris County |
|
|
|
Zavala County |
|
Positive point-of-care rapid tests for influenza were reported by providers throughout the state (see county map below).
Novel Influenza A Virus Infections
Case investigations are ongoing, and the number of confirmed cases changes frequently. Please see the DSHS website
(www.dshs.state.tx.us/swineflu/default.shtm) and the CDC website
(http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/) for more information on the current investigation.
Antigenic CharacterizationCDC has reported antigenic characterization results from 51 seasonal influenza isolates [20 influenza A/H1, 8 influenza A/H3, and 23 influenza B viruses] and 2 novel influenza A H1N1 viruses received from the DSHS Laboratory since the beginning of the 2008–09 flu season.
Influenza A/H1 [20]
- All 20 viruses were characterized as A/Brisbane/59/2007, the influenza A/H1 component of the 2008–09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Influenza A/H3 [8]
- All 8 viruses were characterized as A/Brisbane/10/2007, the influenza A/H3 component of the 2008-09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Influenza B (B/Victoria/02/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88 lineages) [23]
Victoria lineage [16]
- Sixteen of the influenza B viruses were characterized as belonging to the B/Victoria lineage.
Yamagata lineage [7]
- Seven viruses were characterized as B/Florida/4/2006, the influenza B component for the 2008-09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Novel influenza A/H1 [2]
- Both viruses were characterized as A/California/07/2009-like (H1N1), the reference virus selected by WHO as a candidate for the novel influenza A H1N1 vaccine.
Antiviral ResistanceSince September 28, 2008, 22 seasonal influenza A/H1 isolates, 7 influenza A/H3 isolates, 22 influenza B isolates, and 1 novel influenza A H1N1 isolate from the DSHS laboratory have been tested by CDC for antiviral resistance.
Antiviral Resistance
Flu
Types/Subtypes |
Isolates Tested (n) |
Resistant Viruses,
Number (%)
|
Isolates Tested (n) |
Resistant Viruses,
Number (%)
|
Oseltamivir |
Zanamivir |
Adamantanes |
Influenza A/H1 (seasonal) |
22 |
22 (100%) |
0 (0) |
22 |
0 (0) |
Influenza A/H3 |
7 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
7 |
7 (100%) |
Influenza B |
22 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
N/A* |
N/A* |
Influenza A/H1 (novel) |
1 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 |
1 (100%) |
*Adamantanes are not effective against influenza B viruses.
CDC has issued interim recommendations for use of antiviral medications in the 2008-09 influenza season. Those recommendations are available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/index.htm..
Influenza–Associated Pediatric MortalityNo influenza-associated pediatric fatalities were reported during week 25. Texas has reported thirteen influenza-associated pediatric fatalities during the 2008-09 influenza season.
School Closures and Institutional OutbreaksNo school closures or institutional outbreaks were reported for week 25. An outbreak of novel influenza A H1N1 was reported in a summer camp in Dallas County during week 25. CDC has issued interim guidance for cases of novel influenza A H1N1 in summer camps. This guidance is available at
http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/camp.htm.
U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance NetworkFifty-one providers in Texas reported data to the U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) (formerly known as the U.S. Influenza Sentinel Provider Surveillance System) on patients with influenza–like illness (ILI) and total patients seen for any reason during week 25. Of the 50 providers who reported seeing patients during week 25, 25 (50%) providers saw at least one patient with ILI. Of all patient visits during this week, 0.87% were due to ILI. The ILI baseline for HHS Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) of the United States is 4.6% for the 2008-2009 season. The baseline is the mean percentage of patient visits for ILI during non-influenza weeks for the previous three seasons plus two standard deviations.
Percentage of Visits for Influenza–Like Illness Reported by the US Outpatient Influenza–Like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) in Texas as of 7/9/2009 6:47:38 PM
|
Week
|
# Reporting
|
Age 0-4
|
Age 5-24
|
Age 25-64
|
Age over 64
|
Total ILI
|
Total Patients
|
% ILI
|
2008-40 |
78 |
84 |
133 |
127 |
22 |
366 |
20333 |
1.80 |
2008-41 |
78 |
114 |
163 |
124 |
19 |
420 |
20105 |
2.09 |
2008-42 |
79 |
107 |
156 |
90 |
7 |
360 |
19746 |
1.82 |
2008-43 |
80 |
120 |
152 |
106 |
20 |
398 |
19857 |
2.00 |
2008-44 |
82 |
136 |
199 |
104 |
26 |
465 |
20972 |
2.22 |
2008-45 |
79 |
110 |
111 |
122 |
27 |
370 |
20959 |
1.77 |
2008-46 |
74 |
110 |
107 |
103 |
23 |
343 |
19890 |
1.72 |
2008-47 |
76 |
137 |
143 |
122 |
19 |
421 |
19907 |
2.11 |
2008-48 |
80 |
132 |
132 |
125 |
37 |
426 |
17012 |
2.50 |
2008-49 |
78 |
143 |
159 |
153 |
24 |
479 |
20446 |
2.34 |
2008-50 |
76 |
133 |
146 |
108 |
28 |
415 |
19450 |
2.13 |
2008-51 |
70 |
172 |
177 |
175 |
24 |
548 |
17663 |
3.10 |
2008-52 |
77 |
194 |
153 |
154 |
34 |
535 |
13509 |
3.96 |
2008-53 |
78 |
176 |
141 |
165 |
46 |
528 |
15329 |
3.44 |
2009-01 |
79 |
162 |
182 |
188 |
38 |
570 |
18646 |
3.06 |
2009-02 |
78 |
178 |
287 |
235 |
41 |
741 |
20222 |
3.66 |
2009-03 |
79 |
174 |
468 |
341 |
43 |
1026 |
23058 |
4.45 |
2009-04 |
79 |
260 |
679 |
333 |
47 |
1319 |
24350 |
5.42 |
2009-05 |
74 |
282 |
884 |
467 |
40 |
1673 |
24734 |
6.76 |
2009-06 |
80 |
301 |
965 |
392 |
59 |
1717 |
24320 |
7.06 |
2009-07 |
80 |
320 |
816 |
316 |
57 |
1509 |
26024 |
5.80 |
2009-08 |
74 |
221 |
552 |
283 |
57 |
1113 |
24664 |
4.51 |
2009-09 |
77 |
194 |
423 |
245 |
71 |
933 |
22428 |
4.16 |
2009-10 |
80 |
221 |
325 |
212 |
77 |
835 |
22635 |
3.69 |
2009-11 |
77 |
167 |
269 |
178 |
58 |
672 |
19656 |
3.42 |
2009-12 |
72 |
109 |
150 |
179 |
18 |
456 |
20910 |
2.18 |
2009-13 |
73 |
114 |
143 |
163 |
16 |
436 |
18660 |
2.34 |
2009-14 |
80 |
158 |
197 |
234 |
51 |
640 |
20843 |
3.07 |
2009-15 |
77 |
92 |
136 |
156 |
23 |
407 |
21124 |
1.93 |
2009-16 |
85 |
131 |
197 |
163 |
28 |
519 |
21938 |
2.37 |
2009-17 |
77 |
260 |
570 |
348 |
44 |
1222 |
25406 |
4.81 |
2009-18 |
72 |
200 |
361 |
185 |
31 |
777 |
22503 |
3.45 |
2009-19 |
65 |
125 |
253 |
183 |
24 |
585 |
19066 |
3.07 |
2009-20 |
63 |
122 |
255 |
134 |
7 |
518 |
19150 |
2.70 |
2009-21 |
64 |
115 |
238 |
115 |
31 |
499 |
39616 |
1.26 |
2009-22 |
61 |
109 |
202 |
97 |
23 |
431 |
40506 |
1.06 |
2009-23 |
53 |
79 |
103 |
29 |
9 |
220 |
9735 |
2.26 |
2009-24 |
49 |
67 |
132 |
86 |
5 |
290 |
37065 |
0.78 |
2009-25 |
51 |
72 |
117 |
83 |
15 |
287 |
32849 |
0.87 |
National Influenza Activity MapThe current U.S. flu weekly report may be found at
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluactivity.htm.
*This map indicates geographic spread and does not measure the severity of influenza activity.
For more information on flu surveillance activities in the State of Texas, please visit our main
surveillance page.
*Influenza activity level corresponds to current MMWR week only and does not reflect previous weeks' activity.
**Positives are reported according to specimen collection date or date received in the lab, if the former is unknown
|