Environment
Merchants refuse to sell to minors
Adults refuse to purchase
No vending machines
Cigarettes costly
No smoking environment
Social norm of no tobacco use
School policy & enforcement
Underage use is illegal
Behavior
Remains tobacco free
Related Behaviors
Participates in extracurricular activities
Does not use alcohol & other drugs
Attitudes, Beliefs & Values
Identifies self as non-smoker *Values health
Family alienation (-)
School alienation (-)
Hope in future
Outcome expectations – uncoool to smoke, smells bad, bad breath, bad for health, sign of maturity & independence (-), helps relax (-), helps control weight (-), helps feel comfortable in social situations (-)
Self-efficacy for refusal skills
Self-efficacy to fight tobacco industry
Perceived social norms for smoking
Perceived likelihood & severity of punishment
Knowledge of tobacco laws & penalties
Anti-smoking activism
Practices refusal skills
Discourages tobacco use by others
Describes manipulation by tobacco industry
Participates in anti-smoking efforts
Interpersonal / Environmental Factors
Parents, peers, physicians, teachers reinforce being smoke free
Parents communicate disapproval of smoking
Friends, parents and siblings are non-users
Parental control
School control
Demographic Factors
Age
Ethnicity
SES
Gender