2008 - 2009 Texas Influenza Surveillance Information
Influenza Surveillance Report for MMWR Week 24
The influenza (flu) activity level for Texas for the week ending June 20, 2009 was “local.” During week 24, 24 (9.6%) specimens tested by NREVSS laboratories in Texas were positive for influenza. The percentage of visits for influenza-like illness as reported by ILINet providers in Texas was below the regional baseline.
Reports from Health Service Regions
Reports were received from all Health Service Regions (HSRs) for week 24. HSR 4/5N reported an increased level of flu activity compared to week 23. HSRs 8, 9/10, and 11 reported the same level of flu activity compared to week 23. HSRs 1, 2/3, and 7 reported a decreased level of flu activity compared to week 23. The level of flu activity compared to week 23 could not be determined for HSR 6/5S. For a map of Health Service Regions, please visit the following website: www.dshs.state.tx.us/regions/state.shtm Laboratory Results
During week 24, six hospital laboratories and public health agencies across Texas reported conducting a total of 249 influenza tests (antigen, culture, and PCR) to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS ) sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Of the 213 antigen detection tests that were performed, 22 were positive for influenza A/not subtyped. The positive results were reported from Bexar, Collin, Dallas, Lubbock, Nueces, and Tarrant counties. A total of 24 reports of PCR- or culture-confirmed seasonal or unsubtyped influenza were received from public health laboratories, Scott & White Memorial Hospital in Temple, Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM), and NREVSS for the following counties during week 24 (June 14-June 20):
Influenza A/H1 (seasonal) |
Influenza A/H3 |
Influenza A/not subtyped |
Influenza B |
(none) |
El Paso County |
Cameron County |
Bell County |
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Travis County |
Dallas County (2) |
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Dimmit County |
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Gonzales County |
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Harris County (13) |
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Victoria County |
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Webb County |
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Zavala County |
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Positive point-of-care rapid tests for influenza were reported by providers throughout the state (see county map below).
Novel Influenza A Virus Infections
Case investigations are ongoing, and the number of confirmed cases changes frequently. Please see the DSHS website (/swineflu/default.shtm) and the CDC website (http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/) for more information on the current investigation.
Antigenic Characterization
CDC has reported antigenic characterization results from 51 seasonal influenza isolates [20 influenza A/H1, 8 influenza A/H3, and 23 influenza B viruses] and 1 novel influenza A H1N1 virus received from the DSHS Laboratory since the beginning of the 2008–09 flu season. Influenza A/H1 [20]
- All 20 viruses were characterized as A/Brisbane/59/2007, the influenza A/H1 component of the 2008–09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Influenza A/H3 [8]
- All 8 viruses were characterized as A/Brisbane/10/2007, the influenza A/H3 component of the 2008-09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Influenza B (B/Victoria/02/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88 lineages) [23]
Victoria lineage [16] - Sixteen of the influenza B viruses were characterized as belonging to the B/Victoria lineage.
Yamagata lineage [7] - Seven viruses were characterized as B/Florida/4/2006, the influenza B component for the 2008-09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Novel influenza A/H1 [1]
- One virus was characterized as A/California/07/2009-like (H1N1), the reference virus selected by WHO as a candidate for the novel influenza A H1N1 vaccine.
Antiviral Resistance
Since September 28, 2008, 22 seasonal influenza A/H1 isolates, 7 influenza A/H3 isolates, 22 influenza B isolates, and 1 novel influenza A H1N1 isolate from the DSHS laboratory have been tested by CDC for antiviral resistance.
Flu Types/Subtypes |
Isolates Tested (n) |
Resistant Viruses, Number (%)
|
Isolates Tested (n) |
Resistant Viruses, Number (%)
|
Oseltamivir |
Zanamivir |
Adamantanes |
Influenza A/H1 (seasonal) |
22 |
22 (100%) |
0 (0) |
22 |
0 (0) |
Influenza A/H3 |
7 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
7 |
7 (100%) |
Influenza B |
22 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
N/A* |
N/A* |
Influenza A/H1 (novel) |
1 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 |
1 (100%) |
*Adamantanes are not effective against influenza B viruses. CDC has issued interim recommendations for use of antiviral medications in the 2008-09 influenza season. Those recommendations are available at: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/index.htm..
Influenza–Associated Pediatric Mortality
No influenza-associated pediatric fatalities were reported during week 24. Texas has reported thirteen influenza-associated pediatric fatalities during the 2008-09 influenza season. School Closures and Institutional Outbreaks
No school closures or institutional outbreaks were reported for week 24. HSRs 4/5N and 7 reported camps in Hays, Lee, McLennan, and Smith counties with ILI or novel influenza A H1N1 outbreaks during week 24. CDC has issued interim guidance for cases of novel influenza A H1N1 in summer camps. This guidance is available at http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/camp.htm. U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network
Thirty-seven providers in Texas reported data to the U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) (formerly known as the U.S. Influenza Sentinel Provider Surveillance System) on patients with influenza–like illness (ILI) and total patients seen for any reason during week 24. Of the 35 providers who reported seeing patients during week 24, 14 (40%) providers saw at least one patient with ILI. Of all patient visits during this week, 1.43% were due to ILI. The ILI baseline for HHS Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) of the United States is 4.6% for the 2008-2009 season. The baseline is the mean percentage of patient visits for ILI during non-influenza weeks for the previous three seasons plus two standard deviations.
Percentage of Visits for Influenza–Like Illness Reported by the US Outpatient Influenza–Like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) in Texas as of 6/26/2009 1:29:12 PM |
Week |
# Reporting |
Age 0-4 |
Age 5-24 |
Age 25-64 |
Age over 64 |
Total ILI |
Total Patients |
% ILI |
2008-40 |
78 |
84 |
133 |
127 |
22 |
366 |
20333 |
1.80 |
2008-41 |
78 |
114 |
163 |
124 |
19 |
420 |
20105 |
2.09 |
2008-42 |
79 |
107 |
156 |
90 |
7 |
360 |
19746 |
1.82 |
2008-43 |
80 |
120 |
152 |
106 |
20 |
398 |
19857 |
2.00 |
2008-44 |
82 |
136 |
199 |
104 |
26 |
465 |
20972 |
2.22 |
2008-45 |
79 |
110 |
111 |
122 |
27 |
370 |
20959 |
1.77 |
2008-46 |
74 |
110 |
107 |
103 |
23 |
343 |
19890 |
1.72 |
2008-47 |
76 |
137 |
143 |
122 |
19 |
421 |
19907 |
2.11 |
2008-48 |
80 |
132 |
132 |
125 |
37 |
426 |
17012 |
2.50 |
2008-49 |
78 |
143 |
159 |
153 |
24 |
479 |
20446 |
2.34 |
2008-50 |
76 |
133 |
146 |
108 |
28 |
415 |
19450 |
2.13 |
2008-51 |
70 |
172 |
177 |
175 |
24 |
548 |
17663 |
3.10 |
2008-52 |
77 |
194 |
153 |
154 |
34 |
535 |
13509 |
3.96 |
2008-53 |
78 |
176 |
141 |
165 |
46 |
528 |
15329 |
3.44 |
2009-01 |
79 |
162 |
182 |
188 |
38 |
570 |
18646 |
3.06 |
2009-02 |
78 |
178 |
287 |
235 |
41 |
741 |
20222 |
3.66 |
2009-03 |
79 |
174 |
468 |
341 |
43 |
1026 |
23058 |
4.45 |
2009-04 |
79 |
260 |
679 |
333 |
47 |
1319 |
24350 |
5.42 |
2009-05 |
74 |
282 |
884 |
467 |
40 |
1673 |
24734 |
6.76 |
2009-06 |
80 |
301 |
965 |
392 |
59 |
1717 |
24320 |
7.06 |
2009-07 |
80 |
320 |
816 |
316 |
57 |
1509 |
26024 |
5.80 |
2009-08 |
74 |
221 |
552 |
283 |
57 |
1113 |
24664 |
4.51 |
2009-09 |
77 |
194 |
423 |
245 |
71 |
933 |
22428 |
4.16 |
2009-10 |
80 |
221 |
325 |
212 |
77 |
835 |
22635 |
3.69 |
2009-11 |
77 |
167 |
269 |
178 |
58 |
672 |
19656 |
3.42 |
2009-12 |
72 |
109 |
150 |
179 |
18 |
456 |
20910 |
2.18 |
2009-13 |
73 |
114 |
143 |
163 |
16 |
436 |
18660 |
2.34 |
2009-14 |
80 |
158 |
197 |
234 |
51 |
640 |
20843 |
3.07 |
2009-15 |
77 |
92 |
136 |
156 |
23 |
407 |
21124 |
1.93 |
2009-16 |
85 |
131 |
197 |
163 |
28 |
519 |
21938 |
2.37 |
2009-17 |
77 |
260 |
570 |
348 |
44 |
1222 |
25406 |
4.81 |
2009-18 |
72 |
200 |
361 |
185 |
31 |
777 |
22503 |
3.45 |
2009-19 |
65 |
125 |
253 |
183 |
24 |
585 |
19066 |
3.07 |
2009-20 |
63 |
122 |
255 |
134 |
7 |
518 |
19150 |
2.70 |
2009-21 |
64 |
115 |
238 |
115 |
31 |
499 |
39616 |
1.26 |
2009-22 |
59 |
109 |
201 |
97 |
23 |
430 |
40254 |
1.07 |
2009-23 |
48 |
68 |
91 |
27 |
7 |
193 |
8487 |
2.27 |
2009-24 |
37 |
39 |
90 |
66 |
2 |
197 |
13807 |
1.43 |
National Influenza Activity Map
The current U.S. flu weekly report may be found at http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluactivity.htm. *This map indicates geographic spread and does not measure the severity of influenza activity.
For more information on flu surveillance activities in the State of Texas, please visit our main surveillance page.
*Influenza activity level corresponds to current MMWR week only and does not reflect previous weeks' activity. **Positives are reported according to specimen collection date or date received in the lab, if the former is unknown
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