2008 - 2009 Texas Influenza Surveillance Information
Influenza Surveillance Report for MMWR Week 13
The influenza (flu) activity level for Texas for the week ending April 4, 2009 was “local.” During week 13, 17 (3.7%) specimens tested by NREVSS laboratories in Texas were positive for influenza. The percentage of visits for influenza-like illness as reported by ILINet providers in Texas was below the regional baseline.
Reports from Health Service Regions
Reports were received from all Health Service Regions (HSRs) for week 13. HSRs 8 and 11 reported the same level of flu activity compared to week 12. All other HSRs reported a decreased level of flu activity compared to week 12. For a map of Health Service Regions, please visit the following website:
http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/regions/state.shtm
Laboratory Results
During week 13, nine hospital laboratories and public health agencies across Texas reported conducting a total of 460 influenza tests (antigen, culture, and PCR) to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS ) sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Of the 357 antigen detection tests that were performed, 6 were positive for influenza A/not subtyped and 7 were positive for influenza B. The positive results were reported from Harris, Lubbock, Nueces, and Tarrant counties. One PCR test positive for influenza A/not subtyped and seven PCR tests positive for influenza B were reported for Bell, Harris, and Tarrant counties. [There may be some overlap in the PCR and culture positive results described in this report (i.e., some of the PCR results may be from some of the same patients as the culture results).] A total of 5 reports of culture-confirmed influenza were received from public health laboratories, Scott & White Memorial Hospital in Temple, the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, NREVSS, and other sources for the following counties:
Influenza A/H1 |
Influenza A/H3 |
Influenza A/not subtyped |
Influenza B |
(none) |
(none) |
(none) |
Bexar County |
|
|
|
Dallas County |
|
|
|
El Paso County (2) |
|
|
|
Wichita County |
Additional positive results from point-of-care rapid flu tests were reported by providers throughout the state (see Texas map below).
Antigenic Characterization
CDC has reported antigenic characterization results from 41 influenza isolates [18 influenza A/H1, 5 influenza A/H3, and 18 influenza B viruses] received from the DSHS Laboratory since the beginning of the 2008–09 flu season.
Influenza A/H1 [18]
- All 18 viruses were characterized as A/Brisbane/59/2007, the influenza A/H1 component of the 2008–09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Influenza A/H3 [5]
- All 5 viruses were characterized as A/Brisbane/10/2007, the influenza A/H3 component of the 2008-09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Influenza B (B/Victoria/02/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88 lineages) [18]
Victoria lineage [12] - Two (17%) of the twelve viruses were characterized as B/Ohio/01/2005-like viruses.
- Ten (83%) of the twelve viruses showed somewhat reduced titers with antisera produced against B/Malaysia/2506/2004 and B/Ohio/01/2005.
Yamagata lineage [6]
- Six viruses were characterized as B/Florida/4/2006, the influenza B component for the 2008-09 influenza vaccine for the Northern Hemisphere.
Antiviral Resistance
Since September 28, 2008, 20 influenza A/H1 isolates, 5 influenza A/H3 isolates, and 17 influenza B isolates from the DSHS laboratory have been tested by CDC for antiviral resistance.
|
Isolates Tested (n) |
Resistant Viruses, Number (%)
|
Isolates Tested (n) |
Resistant Viruses, Number (%)
|
Oseltamivir |
Zanamivir |
Adamantanes |
Influenza A/H1 |
20 |
19 (95%) |
0 (0) |
20 |
0 (0) |
Influenza A/H3 |
5 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
5 |
5 (100%) |
Influenza B |
17 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
N/A* |
N/A* |
*Adamantanes are not effective against influenza B viruses. CDC has issued interim recommendations for use of antiviral medications in the 2008-09 influenza season. Those recommendations are available at: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/index.htm..
Influenza–Associated Pediatric Mortality
Two influenza-associated pediatric fatalities were reported during week 13. The first death occurred during MMWR week 12 in an 11-year-old resident of Health Service Region 11 with a significant underlying medical condition. A specimen from the child was positive by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for influenza B. The influenza vaccination status of the child is not known. The second death occurred during MMWR week 13 in a 14-year-old resident of Health Service Region 6 with significant underlying medical conditions. A specimen from the child was positive for influenza B by IFA and EIA tests. The influenza vaccination status of the child is not known. Texas has reported ten influenza-associated pediatric fatalities during the 2008-09 influenza season.
School Closures and Institutional Outbreaks
No school closures or institutional outbreaks were reported in week 13.
U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network
Forty-one providers in Texas reported data to the U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) (formerly known as the U.S. Influenza Sentinel Provider Surveillance System) on patients with influenza–like illness (ILI) and total patients seen for any reason during week 13. Of the 40 providers who reported seeing patients during week 13, 12 (30%) saw at least one patient with ILI. Of all patient visits during this week, 2.27% were due to ILI. The ILI baseline for the West South Central Region (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas) of the United States is 4.8% for the 2008-2009 season. The baseline is the mean percentage of patient visits for ILI during non-influenza weeks for the previous three seasons plus two standard deviations.
Percentage of Visits for Influenza–Like Illness Reported by the US Outpatient Influenza–Like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) in Texas as of 4/10/2009 12:15:37 PM |
Week |
# Reporting |
Age 0-4 |
Age 5-24 |
Age 25-64 |
Age over 64 |
Total ILI |
Total Patients |
% ILI |
2008-40 |
78 |
84 |
133 |
127 |
22 |
366 |
20333 |
1.80 |
2008-41 |
78 |
114 |
163 |
124 |
19 |
420 |
20105 |
2.09 |
2008-42 |
79 |
107 |
156 |
90 |
7 |
360 |
19746 |
1.82 |
2008-43 |
79 |
120 |
152 |
106 |
20 |
398 |
19740 |
2.02 |
2008-44 |
80 |
136 |
199 |
103 |
26 |
464 |
20737 |
2.24 |
2008-45 |
78 |
110 |
111 |
122 |
27 |
370 |
20835 |
1.78 |
2008-46 |
73 |
110 |
106 |
103 |
23 |
342 |
19771 |
1.73 |
2008-47 |
75 |
137 |
143 |
122 |
19 |
421 |
19806 |
2.13 |
2008-48 |
79 |
131 |
132 |
125 |
37 |
425 |
16905 |
2.51 |
2008-49 |
77 |
143 |
159 |
153 |
24 |
479 |
20343 |
2.35 |
2008-50 |
75 |
133 |
146 |
108 |
28 |
415 |
19330 |
2.15 |
2008-51 |
69 |
172 |
177 |
175 |
24 |
548 |
17531 |
3.13 |
2008-52 |
76 |
194 |
153 |
154 |
34 |
535 |
13431 |
3.98 |
2008-53 |
77 |
176 |
141 |
165 |
46 |
528 |
15222 |
3.47 |
2009-01 |
78 |
162 |
182 |
188 |
38 |
570 |
18518 |
3.08 |
2009-02 |
77 |
178 |
287 |
235 |
41 |
741 |
20094 |
3.69 |
2009-03 |
78 |
174 |
468 |
341 |
43 |
1026 |
22951 |
4.47 |
2009-04 |
78 |
260 |
679 |
332 |
47 |
1318 |
24244 |
5.44 |
2009-05 |
73 |
282 |
883 |
465 |
40 |
1670 |
24590 |
6.79 |
2009-06 |
79 |
301 |
964 |
391 |
59 |
1715 |
24162 |
7.10 |
2009-07 |
79 |
320 |
814 |
316 |
57 |
1507 |
26669 |
5.65 |
2009-08 |
73 |
221 |
552 |
283 |
57 |
1113 |
25314 |
4.40 |
2009-09 |
75 |
193 |
417 |
244 |
71 |
925 |
21800 |
4.24 |
2009-10 |
78 |
221 |
322 |
210 |
77 |
830 |
21958 |
3.78 |
2009-11 |
72 |
159 |
259 |
168 |
58 |
644 |
18841 |
3.42 |
2009-12 |
60 |
90 |
133 |
169 |
15 |
407 |
18587 |
2.19 |
2009-13 |
41 |
62 |
97 |
142 |
11 |
312 |
13744 |
2.27 |
National Influenza Activity Map
The map showing influenza activity in the United States for MMWR week 13 is displayed below. The current U.S. flu weekly report may be found at: here.
*This map indicates geographic spread and does not measure the severity of influenza activity.
For more information on flu surveillance activities in the State of Texas, please visit our main surveillance page.
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